Svensk Kirurgi 4-15

194 SVENSK KIRURGI • VOLYM 73 • NR 4 • 2015 Översiktsartikel acceptera ett nytt test 26 som ersätter cystoskopin. Sammanfattningsvis har hematuri­ diagnostiken förändrats från känsli- gare test till okänsligare till skillnad från vad som gäller de flesta medi­ cinska test som används idag. Genom att fokusera på högrisk gruppen, det vill säga de med makrohematuri, finns förutsättningar till en snabbare och bättre diagnostik. I realitete- ten har detta inte skett eftersom ett annat urologisk test, PSA, massivt introducerats utan bevisad nytta för screening och tagit stora urologiska resurser i anspråk. I och med den nya cancerstrategin och introduktionen av standardiserade vårdförlopp har hematuridiagnostiken ånyo kommit i fokus.  Referenser 1. Malmström P-U. Hematuri hos vuxna. Damber JE, Peeker R, (Red). Urologi. Lund: Studentlitteratur; 2006. 2. Pompeius R, Fex G, Mattiasson I, Malm- kvist I, Trell E, Laurell P. [Screening for hematuria in younger people does not outweigh the cost]. Läkartidningen. 1984;81:545-7. 3. Bangma CH, Loeb S, Busstra M, Zhu X, El Bouazzaoui S, Refos J, Van Der Keur KA, Tjin S, Franken CG, van Leenders GJ, Zwarthoff EC, Roobol MJ. Outcomes of a bladder cancer screening program using home hematuria testing and mole- cularmarkers. Eur Urol. 2013;64:41-7. 4. Steiner H, Bergmeister M, Verdorfer I, Granig T, Mikuz G, Bartsch G, Stoehr B, Brunner A. Early results of bladder-cancer screening in a high-risk population of heavy smokers. BJU Int. 2008;102:291-6. 5. Pesch B, Nasterlack M, Eberle F, Bonberg N, Taeger D, Leng G, Feil G, Johnen G, Ickstadt K, Kluckert M, Wellhäusser H, Stenzl A, Brüning T; UroScreen Group. The role of haematuria in bladder cancer screening among men with former occu- pational exposure to aromatic amines. BJU Int. 2011;108:546-52. 6. Bove P, Kaplan D, Dalrymple N, et al. Reexamining the value of hematuria testing in patients with acute flank pain. J Urol 1999;162:685–7. 7. Köhler C, Varenhorst E. Mikroskopisk hematuri hos vuxna – ett diagnostiskt dilemma. Läkartidningen. 1999;96:4911-6. 8. Hematuri. State of The Art. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen; 2002. http://www.urologi . org/sota/2002-123-38/2002-123-38.pdf 9. Malmström P-U. Dags sluta mikro- hematuritesta vuxna. Läkartidningen. 2003;100:3598-9. 10. Krogsbøll LT, Juhl Jørgensen K, Gøtzsche PC. Screening with urinary dipsticks for reducing morbidity and mortality. First published: 27 January 2015 Cochrane DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010007.Pub2. 11. Davis R, Jones JS, Barocas DA, Castle EP, Lang EK, Leveillee RJ, Messing EM, Miller SD, Peterson AC, Turk TM, Weitzel W; American Urological Associa- tion. Diagnosis, evaluation and follow- up of asymptomatic microhematuria (AMH) in adults: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2012;188:2473-81. 12. Jones R, Latinovic R, Charlton J, Gul- liford MC. Alarm symptoms in early diagnosis of cancer in primary care: cohort study using General Practice Research Database. BMJ 2007;334:1040 13. Bruyninckx R, Buntinx F, Aertgeerts B, Van Casteren V. The diagnostic value of macroscopic haematuria for the diagnosis of urological cancer in general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 2003;53:31–5. 14. Boman H, Hedelin H, Holmäng S. The results of routine evaluation of adult patients with haematuria analysed accor- ding to referral form information with 2-year follow-up. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2001;35:497-501. 15. Avidor Y, Nadu A, Matzkin H. Clinical significance of gross hematuria and its evaluation in patients receiving anticoa- gulant and aspirin treatment. Urology. 2000;55:22-4. 16. Vasdev N, Thorpe AC. Should the pre- sence of a culture positive urinary tract infection exclude patients from rapid eva- luation hematuria protocols? Urol Oncol. 2013;31:909-13. 17. Rasmussen OO, Andersen J, Olesen E, et al. Recurrent unexplained haema- turia and risk of urological cancer. A follow-up study. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1988;22:335-7. 18. Hansen RP, Vedsted P, Sokolowski I, et al. Time intervals from first symptom to treatment of cancer: a cohort study of 2,212 newly diagnosed cancer patients. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:284. 19. Månsson A, Anderson H, Colleen S. Time lag to diagnosis of bladder cancer – influ- ence of psychosocial parameters and level of health--care provision. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1993;27:363-9. 20. Wallace DM, Bryan RT, Dunn JA, et al. Delay and survival in bladder cancer. BJU Int. 2002;89:868-78. 21. Liedberg F, Anderson H, Månsson A, Månsson W. Diagnostic delay and prog- nosis in invasive bladder cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2003;37:396-400. 22. Ooi WL, Lee F, Wallace DM, et al. ’One stop’ haematuria clinic in Fremantle Hos- pital, Western Australia: a report of the first 500 patients. BJU Int. 2011;108:62-6. 23. Liedberg F, Holmäng S, Hosseini A, Ljungberg B, Malmström PU, Jahnson S. Snabba åtgärder vid makrohematuri både angelägna och möjliga. Läkartidningen. 2012;109:1034-5. 24. Helenius M, Brekkan E, Dahlman P, Lönnemark M, Magnusson A. Bladder cancer detection in patients with gross haematuria: Computed tomography uro- graphy with enhancement-triggered scan versus flexible cystoscopy. Scand J Urol. 2015;20:1-5. 25. Blick CG, Nazir SA, Mallett S, et al. Eva- luation of diagnostic strategies for bladder cancer using computed tomography (CT) urography, flexible cystoscopy and voided urine cytology: results for 778 patients from a hospital haematuria clinic. BJU Int. 2012;110:84-94. 26. Yossepowitch O, Herr HW, Donat SM. Use of urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer surveillance: patient perspectives. J Urol. 2007;177:1277-82. Hematuritelefonen.

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